OET Reading Part C - Reference Questions
OET Reading Part C - Reference Questions
Question 1: What does "this" refers to in the paragraph?
A. 60-70 % of the Asian population
B. 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week.
C. Physical activity
D. Levels of activity.
A lack of physical activity has been identified as the fourth leading factor for global mortality, and the principal cause of approximately 30% of the coronary heart disease burden. Physical activity is defined as not meeting the minimum guidelines of at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week. This characterizes between 60-70% of the Australian population. However, levels of activity appear to be growing. Regular, moderate to vigorous activity is being widely promoted as a measure for preventing and managing CHD. It is important to note that a lack of physical activity is not the same as being sedentary.
Question 2. What does the word "they" refer to in the passage?
A. Syndromes
B. Questions
C. Studies
D. Origins
ADHD, the thinking goes, begins in childhood. In fact, in order to be diagnosed with it as an adult, a patient must demonstrate that they had traits of the condition in childhood. However, studies from the UK and Brazil, published in JAMA Psychiatry, are fuelling questions about the origins and trajectory of ADHD, suggesting not only that it can in adulthood, but that there may be two distinct syndromes: adult-onset ADHD and childhood ADHD. They echo earlier research from New Zealand. However, an editorial by Stephen Faraone in JAMA Psychiatry highlights potential flaws in the findings. Among them, underestimating the persistence of ADHD into childhood and over-estimating the prevalence of adult-onset ADHD in Faraone's words.
Question 3: What does the word, "those" refer to in the passage?
A) healthcare staff
B) treatment experts
C) language translators
D) patients and relatives
One model of delivering serious news is called SPIKES, developed by Walter Baile and initially used for discussions with cancer patients. The first step in the SPIKES is setting up the interview. A quiet private area, such as an exam room or family meeting room is an ideal setting. The patient should be able to choose family members or friends to be present for support. For those who don't speak fluent English, a hospital-contracted medical interpreter should be used. The healthcare professional should be prepared to answer difficult queries about prognosis, treatment, and overall plan going forward, but also know when to refer to a specialist for esoteric information.
Question 4: What does the word "this" refer to in the passage?
A. Low-dose dopamine agonist therapy
B. The difference between therapies
C. The end of her RLS systems
D. Lisa's unresolved depression.
Lisa describes a deep uncomfortable sensation that feels like "bugs crawling in her legs". She also reveals that her mother used to suffer from similar night-time leg restlessness. Lisa's leg discomfort became more intense and was lasting most of the night. After secondary causes of RLS, such as iron deficiency anaemia, pregnancy, uraemia, and neuropathy were ruled out, SSRI and diphenhydramine therapy were stopped. Low-dose dopamine agonist therapy was started, after which the symptoms subsided. However, despite resolution of RLS symptoms, her depressive symptoms continued. This only serves to further reinforce the need to investigate and treat any associated mood or anxiety associated in conjunction with RLS symptoms.
Question 5: What does the word "them" refer to?
A. The supports and barriers identified by survey respondents
B. Some of the important dynamics that the study uncovered
C. The set of problems that are comparatively difficult resolve
D. Power imbalance crucial to improving patient involvement.
The study uncovered some important dynamics at play in the patient partner population. On the one hand, respondents conveyed a strong sense of perceived value and influence. Yet half of them report being inadequately compensated and just under half have given thought to quitting their role. Some of the supporters and barriers identified by the survey respondents, such as knowledge deficits, may be straight forward to address. Others will be more challenging to remedy. Notable among them, are power imbalances (mentioned by half of our respondents), which were central to the call for a patient revolution a decade ago.
Question 6 : What does "these" refer to?
A. The conversations on patients' rights to care decisions.
B. The huge number of patients who died in care homes
C. The 'do not resuscitate (DNR) orders that were issued
D. The cases where life-saving care was denied to patients.
The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the conversations on a patient's right to care decisions. The first wave of corona virus saw a huge number of people die in care homes. The controversial increase in "do not resuscitate"(DNR) orders, which prevented some patients from receiving life-saving care, may have played a role in some cases. These are often decided between doctors and families to determine what kind of medical intervention -if any- will be performed on a gravely ill patient.
Question 7: What does "this" refer to in the final paragraph?
A. LDS not being used for medical purpose
B. The status given to cannabis
C. Medical research into cannabis
D. Prescription of heroin
In the UK, cannabis currently has Schedule 1 status, the most restrictive category, which is for drugs which are not used medically, such as LSD. "This creates a Catch 22 situation", says Freeman. "You can't show that cannabis and cannabis-based products have medical value because of restrictions on medical research". If cannabis is moved to the Schedule 2 category, it will join substances such as morphine and diamorphine (heroin) which can be prescribed if there's a clinical need.
Question 8: What is meant by "it" in the last paragraph?
A. Making advance directives.
B. Speaking to patients
C. Making difficult choices
D. The machine
Ultimately, there needs to be a cultural shift toward respect for big data and AI's potential in medicine, argues Celi. Only then, can we let machines and humans do what each does best. " No one can really replace doctor's ability to talk to patients", he says. "Doctors should focus on what they do better, which is talking to the patients and eliciting their values and their advance directives, and leave it up to the machine to make the complex decisions. We are not really good at it".
Question 9. What is "these" referred to ?
A. Laboratory study results
B. Nicotine inhalers
C. Contamination levels
D. Tobacco cigarettes
Users widely perceive e-cigarettes to be less toxic. While the FDA has found trace elements of carcinogens levels are comparable to those found in nicotine replacement therapies. Results from a laboratory study released in 2003 found that while e-cigarettes do contain contaminants, the levels range from 9 to 450 times lower than in tobacco cigarette smoke. These are comparable with the trace amounts of toxic or carcinogenic substances found in medicinal nicotine inhalers.
Question 10: What does "it" refer to?
A. An enzyme
B. New evidence
C. A catabolic state
D. Enforced lack of sleep.
Echoing Van Cauter's results, Basheer has found that enforced lack of sleep sends the brain into a catabolic, or energy-consuming state. This is because it degrades the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to produce adenosine monophosphate and this results in the activation of AMP kinase, an enzyme that boosts fatty acid synthesis and glucose utilization.
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