23 March 2024, IELTS Reading Module
IELTS Spectra Reading
(Test Date: 23 March '24)
Teaching Methodology
Type 1. YES/NO/Not Given
Question 1 -5
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage? In boxes 1 -5 on your answer sheet , write: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
1. The Pacific Islands were uninhabited when migrants arrived by sea from Southeast Asia.
2. Andrew Sharp was the first person to write about the migrants to islanders.
3. Andrew Sharp believed migratory voyages were based more on luck than skill
4. Despite being controversial, Andrew Sharp's research had positive results.
5. Edwin Doran disagreed with the findings of Lewis's research.
How to do Yes/No/ NG
Step 1. Read the question carefully and identify the keywords (KWs)
Step 2. Go the Text (T) and locate the KWs of the question. Read the sentence carefully to see the synonyms of the KWs.
Step 3. Compare the KWs of the question with the synonyms in the T.
Qtn 1. The Pacific Islands were uninhabited when migrants arrived by sea from Southeast Asia.
i) uninhabited
ii) when migrants arrived by sea
iii) Southeast Asia
Step 2. Go the Text (T) and locate the KWs of the question. Read the sentence carefully to see the synonyms of the KWs.
Text: Paragraph 1.
The many tiny islands of the Pacific Ocean had no human population until ancestors of today's islanders sailed from Southeast Asia in ocean-going canoes approximately 2,000 years ago. At the present time, the debate continues about exactly how they migrated such vast distances across the ocean, without any modern technologies we take for granted.
Step 3. Compare the KWs of the question with the synonyms in the T.
ii) when migrants arrived = until ancestors of today's islanders
iii) arrived by Southeast Asia = sailed from Southeast Asia
Explanation: The statement agrees with the claims of the writer; therefore, the answer : TRUE
Question 2. Andrew Sharp was the first person to write about the migrants to islanders.
Step 1. Read the question carefully and identify the keywords (KWs)
Keywords:
Andrew Sharp
the first person
to write about the migrants to islanders.
Step 2. Go the Text (T) and locate the KWs of the question. Read the sentence carefully to see the synonyms of the KWs.
Question 3. Andrew Sharp believed migratory voyages were based more on luck than skill
Step 1. Read the question carefully and identify the keywords (KWs)
KWs: (i) migratory voyages
(ii) based more on luck
(iii) than skill
Step 2. Go the Text (T) and locate the KWs of the question. Read the sentence carefully to see the synonyms of the KWs.
Text Paragraph 2: Although the romantic vision of some early twentieth-century writers of fleets of heroic navigators simultaneously setting sail had come to be considered by later investigators to be exaggerated, no considered assessment of Pacific voyaging was forthcoming until 1956 when the American historian Andrew Sharp published his research. Sharp challenged the 'heroic vision' by asserting that the expertise of the navigators was limited, and that the settlement of the islands was not systematic, being more dependent on good fortune by drifting canoes. Sharp's theory was widely challenged, and deservedly so. If nothing else, however, it did spark renewed interest in the topic and precipitated valuable new research.
Step 3. Compare the KWs of the question with the synonyms in the T.
KWs: (i) migratory voyages = "heroic vision"
(ii) based more on luck = more dependent on good fortune
(iii) than skill = the expertise of the navigators was limited
Explanation: The statement agrees with the claims of the writer; therefore, the answer : TRUE.
_____________________________________________
Question 4. Despite being controversial, Andrew Sharp's research had positive results.
Step 1. Read the question carefully and identify the keywords (KWs)
KWs: (i) Despite being controversial
(ii) Andrew Sharp's research had positive results.
Step 2. Go the Text (T) and locate the KWs of the question. Read the sentence carefully to see the synonyms of the KWs.
Paragraph 3. Since the 1960s a wealth of investigations has been conducted, and most of them, thankfully, have been of the 'non-armchair' variety. While it would be wrong to denigrate all 'arm-chair' research - that based on an examination of available published materials - it has turned out that so little progress had been made in the area of Pacific voyaging because most writers relied on the same old source - travelers' journals or missionary narratives compiled by unskilled observers. After Sharp, this began to change, and researchers conducted most of their investigations not in libraries, but in the field.
(i) Despite being controversial = Sharp's theory was widely challenged, and deservedly so.
(Paragraph 2 - T)
(ii) Andrew Sharp's research had positive results = = researchers conducted most of their investigations not in libraries, but in the field. (Positive result)
Explanation: The statement agrees with the claims of the writer; therefore, the answer : TRUE.
Question 5. Edwin Doran disagreed with the findings of Lewis's research.
Step 1. Read the question carefully and identify the keywords (KWs)
KWs: (i) Edwin Doran
(ii) disagreed with
(iii) findings of Lewis's research
Step 2. Go the Text (T) and locate the KWs of the question. Read the sentence carefully to see the synonyms of the KWs.
Para 4. In 1965, David Lewis, a physician and experienced yachtsman, set to work using his own unique philosophy: he took the yacht he had owned for many years and navigated through the islands in order to contact those men who still find their way at sea using traditional methods. He then accompanied these men, in their traditional canoes, on test voyages from which modern instruments were banished from sight, though Lewis secretly used them to confirm the navigators' calculations. His most famous such voyage was a return trip around 1,000 nautical miles between two islands in midocean. Far from drifting, as proposed by Sharp, Lewis found that ancient navigators would have known which course to steer by memorizing which stars rose and set in certain positions along the horizon and this gave them fixed directions by which to steer their boats.
Para 5. The geographer Edwin Doran followed a quite different approach. He was interested in obtaining exact data on canoe sailing performance, and to that end employed the latest electronic instrumentation. Doran traveled on board traditional sailing canoes in some of the most remote parts of the Pacific, all the while using instruments to record canoe speeds in different strengths - from gales to calms - the angle canoes could sail relative to the wind. In the process, he provided the first really attributes of traditional sailing canoes.
Step 3. Compare the KWs of the question with the synonyms in the T.
KWs: (i) Edwin Doran = The name is in the para 5
(ii) disagreed with = The text says, followed a quite different approach. The text does not say if he agreed or disagreed
(iii) findings of Lewis's research = Lewis found that ancient navigators would have known which course to steer by memorizing which stars rose and set in certain positions along the horizon and this gave them fixed directions by which to steer their boats.
Question 6-10
Choose the correct letter A,B,C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 6 - 10 on your answer sheet.
6. David Lewis's research was different because
A. he observed traditional navigators at work
B. he continued test voyages using his own yacht
C. he carried no modern instruments on test voyages
D. he spoke the same language as the islanders he sailed with
7. What did David Lewis's research discover about traditional navigators?
A. They used the sun and moon to find their position
B. They could not sail further than 1,000 nautical miles.
C. They knew which direction they were sailing in
D. They were able to drift for long long distances
8. What were we told about Edwin Doran's research?
A. Data were collected after the canoes had returned to land.
B. Canoe characteristics were recorded using modern instruments.
C. Research was conducted in the most densely populated regions
D. Navigators were not allowed to see the instruments Doran used
9. Which of the following did Steven Horvath discover during his research?
A. Canoe design was less important than human strength
B. New research methods had to be developed for use in canoes.
C. Navigators became very tired on longest voyages
D. Human energy may have been used to assist sailing canoes.
Question 10. What is the writer's opinion of Wall Garrard's research?
A. He is disappointed, it was conducted in the laboratory
B. He is impressed by the originality of the techniques used
C. He is surprised it was used to help linguists with their research
D. He is concerned that the island studied are long distances apart.
Paragraph 4. In 1965, David Lewis, a physician and experienced yachtsman, set to work using his own unique philosophy: he took the yacht he had owned for many years and navigated through the islands in order to contact those men who still find their way at sea using traditional methods. He then accompanied these men, in their traditional canoes, on test voyages from which modern instruments were banished from sight, though Lewis secretly used them to confirm the navigators' calculations. His most famous such voyage was a return trip around 1,000 nautical miles between two islands in midocean. Far from drifting, as proposed by Sharp, Lewis found that ancient navigators would have known which course to steer by memorizing which stars rose and set in certain positions along the horizon and this gave them fixed directions by which to steer their boats.
6. David Lewis's research was different because
A. he observed traditional navigators at work
B. he continued test voyages using his own yacht
C. he carried no modern instruments on test voyages
D. he spoke the same language as the islanders he sailed with
A. he observed traditional navigators at work = David Lewis, a physician and experienced yachtsman, set to work using his own unique philosophy: he took the yacht he had owned for many years and navigated through the islands in order to contact those men who still find their way at sea using traditional methods. He then accompanied these men, in their traditional canoes, on test voyages (Paraphrase of ac)
B. he continued test voyages using his own yacht
Explanation: Text does not reveal how/why it was 'different'.
C. he carried no modern instruments on test voyages
Explanation: Wrong. "Lewis secretly used them" (T)
D. he spoke the same language as the islanders he sailed with
7. What did David Lewis's research discover about traditional navigators?
A. They used the sun and moon to find their position
B. They could not sail further than 1,000 nautical miles.
C. They knew which direction they were sailing in
D. They were able to drift for long long distances
7. What did David Lewis's research discover about traditional navigators?
KWs: (i) David Lewis's
(ii) research
(iii) discover about
(iv)traditional navigators
7. What did David Lewis's research discover about traditional navigators?
A. They used the sun and moon to find their position
B. They could not sail further than 1,000 nautical miles.
C. They knew which direction they were sailing in
D. They were able to drift for long long distances
A. They used the sun and moon to find their position - Wrong.
The text say, "steer by memorizing which
stars rose and set"
B. They could not sail furth =er than 1,000 nautical miles.
C. They knew which direction they were sailing in
knew = "would have known" (T)
which direction = "course" (T)
sailing in = "to steer by" (T)
Ac C is the right answer.
Elimination:
8. What were we told about Edwin Doran's research?
A. Data were collected after the canoes had returned to land.
B. Canoe characteristics were recorded using modern instruments.
C. Research was conducted in the most densely populated regions
D. Navigators were not allowed to see the instruments Doran used
8. What were we told about Edwin Doran's research?
Paragraph 5. The geographer Edwin Doran followed a quite different approach. He was interested in obtaining exact data on canoe sailing performance, and to that end employed the latest electronic instrumentation. Doran traveled on board traditional sailing canoes in some of the most remote parts of the Pacific, all the while using instruments to record canoe speeds in different strengths - from gales to calms - the angle canoes could sail relative to the wind. In the process, he provided the first really attributes of traditional sailing canoes.
8. What were we told about Edwin Doran's research?
A. Data were collected after the canoes had returned to land.
B. Canoe characteristics were recorded using modern instruments.
C. Research was conducted in the most densely populated regions
D. Navigators were not allowed to see the instruments Doran used
A. Data were collected after the canoes had returned to land.
B. Canoe characteristics were recorded using modern instruments.
D. Navigators were not allowed to see the instruments Doran used . NG. ac D Wrong
9. Which of the following did Steven Horvath discover during his research?
A. Canoe design was less important than human strength
B. New research methods had to be developed for use in canoes.
C. Navigators became very tired on longest voyages
D. Human energy may have been used to assist sailing canoes.
9. Which of the following did Steven Horvath discover during his research?
KWs: (i) Steven Horvath (ii) discover during his research?
Paragraph 6. A further contribution was made by Steven Horvath. As a physiologist, Horvath's interest was not in navigation techniques or in canoes, but in the physical capabilities of the men themselves. By adapting standard physiological techniques, Horvath was able to calculate the energy expenditure required to paddle canoes of this sort at times when there was no wind to fill the sails, or when the wind was contrary. He concluded that paddles, or perhaps long oars, could indeed have propelled for long distances what were primarily sailing vessels.
9. Which of the following did Steven Horvath discover during his research?
A. Canoe design was less important than human strength
B. New research methods had to be developed for use in canoes.
C. Navigators became very tired on longest voyages
D. Human energy may have been used to assist sailing canoes.
A. Canoe design was less important than human strength
B. New research methods had to be developed for use in canoes
NG. ac B: Wrong
Question 10. What is the writer's opinion of Wall Garrard's research?
Paragraph 7. Finally, a team led by Wall Garrard conducted important research, in this case by making investigations while remaining safely in the laboratory. Wall Garrard's unusual method was to use the findings of linguists who had studied the languages of the Pacific Islands, many of which are remarkably similar although the islands where they are spoken are sometimes thousands of kilometers apart. Clever adaptation of computer simulation techniques pioneered in other disciplines allowed him to produce convincing models suggesting the migrations were indeed systematic, but not simultaneous. Wall Garrard proposed the migrations should be seen not as a single journey made by a massed fleet of canoes, but as a series of ever more ambitious voyages, each pushing further into the unknown ocean.
Question 10. What is the writer's opinion of Wall Garrard's research?
A. He is disappointed, it was conducted in the laboratory
B. He is impressed by the originality of the techniques used
C. He is surprised it was used to help linguists with their research
D. He is concerned that the island studied are long distances apart.
B. He is impressed by the originality of the techniques used
ac B: Right. Explanation: Text says," Wall Garrard's unusual method was to use the findings of linguists ..... Clever adaptation of computer simulation techniques pioneered in other disciplines allowed him to produce convincing models suggesting the migrations were indeed systematic" = He is impressed by the originality of the techniques used
(ac - paraphrased language )
C. He is surprised it was used to help linguists with their research. ac C Wrong. NG
D. He is concerned that the island studied are long distances apart.
ac D Wrong. NG
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.
Write the correct letter, A-F on your answer sheet.
11. One limitation in the information produced by all of this research is that it
12. The best thing about this type of research
13. The most important achievement of traditional navigators
14. The migration of people from Asia to Pacific
A. was the variety of experimental techniques used
B. was not of interest to young islanders today
C. was not conclusive evidence in support of a single theory
D. was being able to change their practices when necessary
E. was the first time humans intentionally crossed an ocean
F. was the speed with which it was conducted.
11. One limitation in the information produced by all of this research is that it : C. was not conclusive evidence in support of a single theory (Summary of the Text)
12. The best thing about this type of research: A. was the variety of experimental techniques used
13. The most important achievement of traditional navigators:
D. was being able to change their practices when necessary
14. The migration of people from Asia to Pacific:
For further information about SPECTRA and link:
BEMAX ACADEMY
Mevram, Kollam
Helpline: 8089 0013 01
Contact person
Mr Rohit, Mob. 9496 8613 42
Academic Head
Comments
Post a Comment