OET Reading- C, Treament for Epilepsy

 Treatment for Epilepsy


Question 15. Seizures caused by epilepsy......


Method of finding the answer:

Step 1. Identify the keyword in the question. ( = Seizures caused by.)

Step 2.  Read the topic sentence of the text that contains the keyword of the question:

Epileptic seizures are estimated to affect approximately 5 in every 1000 children. They have a significant impact on childhood development, with 15 to 25% of cases associated greater than 5 minutes is recommended under a recent set of US guidelines based on a systematic review of available literature.

Step 3. Go back to the answer choices and underline the key words.

A. should be treated only if they last more than 5 minutes. 

B. Occur in around 0.5 % of children.  

C. Cause developmental delay in up to 25% of children.

D. It can be caused by developmental problems.


Step 4.. Verify the keywords in the answer choices with the topic sentence.

           * Keywords of (A) are not in the topic sentence. X

            Synonyms of Keywords of (B) are present in the topic                    sentence: 

            KW: "Occur" - Text: "affect"

           "Around" - Text: "approximately"

           "0.5 %   - Text: "5 in every 1000"

           "children" - Text: children. 

          Therefore, the answer is (B)

          Elimination of (C) and (D): Ideas twisted.


Question 16. The effectiveness of benzodiazepines......

Method of finding the answer:

Step 1. Identify the keyword in the question. ( = Effectiveness & benzodiazepines)

Step 2.  Read the sentence of the text which contains the keyword:

Benzodiazepines are the most effective and the most highly studied form of acute seizure treatment  with  relatively few severe adverse effects aside from respiratory depression and temporary cognitive impairment. Whilst appropriate in an acute setting, long term  development of tolerance (reducing its effect over time) and eventually dependence with serial use means that frequent or prolonged use is not appropriate.

* Both the keywords of the question are in the topic sentence.

( Vocabulary:  Few = No 

                         Aside from = except, apart from, beside.

Step 3. Go back to the answer choices and underline the key words.

A. Means that their dose needs to be reduced over time.

B. Makes them inappropriate for repeated use.

C. Is outweighed by serious side effects, such as respiratory              depression.

(Vocabulary: Outweighed = cancelled, nullified, surpass

D. Leads to some patients taking them even when they are not           having seizures.


Step 4. Verify the keywords in the answer choices with the topic sentence.

Question: The effectiveness of benzodiazepines......

       (A) "reduction of dose" - Not mentioned X

      (B) " inappropriate for rerepeated use" : Not mentioned X

     (C) "Is outweighed by serious side effects" - Not mentioned X       (D) "lead to some patients taking them" (Qtn) -  "eventually                         dependence with serial use 

             "even when they are not having seizures" (Qtn) "                            "frequent or prolonged use is not appropriate".                              (paraphrase)


Question 17.  Which of the following is MOST true about midazolam?

Method of finding the answer:

Step 1. Identify the keyword in the question. (MOST true & midazolam)

Step 2.  Read the sentence of the text containing key word of the question:


Para 3: Midazolam is an appropriate choice in many cases. It is a proven, efficacious treatment. A single dose resolves 70% of seizures lasting more than 5 minutes, which is equivalent to the effects of diazepam and lorazepam, and more efficacious than other agents including sodium valproate or phenytoin.  Especially in the context of a pre-hospital setting, intranasal midazolam produces results equivalent to other routes of administration that does not necessitate obtaining time-consuming IV access. In addition, it has a short half-life of 2 to 7 hours, which is less than half of other comparable benzodiazepines due to its water solubility at physiological pH, reducing the duration of adverse effects. 

Step 3. Go back to the answer choices and underline the key words.

Question 17.  Which of the following is MOST true about midazolam?

a. It is excreted relatively quickly by the body

Explanation: "excreted relatively quickly....... "  (Qtn) - "it has a short half-life of 2 to 7 hours. True.

 Answer: A - True

B. The adverse effects are less severe than other benzodiazepines.

C. It can effectively stop majority of seizures

           "A single dose resolves 70% of seizures lasting more than               5 minutes" (Text) (True)

D. It has similar effectiveness to sodium valproate and or phenytoin

Not "similar", "but more efficacious than other agents including sodium valproate" (Text) wrong


Both A & C are True, but A is more True







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